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of defense, Robert McNamara. In an appendix, Brown states categorica1ly that the contractor's management of Advent (General Electric) was poor. He also wrote, "During 1961 and until February 28, 1962, USAAMA (Army Advent Management Agency) decided to gamble on the contractors to realize first a March and then a June firing date. The rate of expenditures rose to twice the amount allowable on the basis of available funds and the whole project went out of balance; training, ground equipment and operational control rooms were fully engineered before the spaceborne equipment was out of the breadboard stage; schedules were manipulated to a point where the completion date of the first flight article was set ahead of the engineering test model" (John Rubel's papers).

Memorandum for John H. Rubel, Deputy Director of Defense Research & Engineering, from Ralph L. Clark, Assistant Director for Communications, dated January 17, 1960. A number of policy documents on communication satellites are attached. These are: Briefing paper for Mr. Gates, subject: Cabinet paper CP60-112-Communication Satellite Development, December 19, 1960; Draft policy presented by ODRE to the unmanned spacecraft panel of the AACB; Summary of Cabinet Paper CP60-112/1, December 23, 1960; Briefing paper by Clark and Nadler setting out their concerns with the Cabinet Paper; draft of a policy statement prepared by the service secretaries summarizing the DoD's role and interest in communication satellites (John Rubel's papers).

Memorandum for Members of the Unmanned Spacecraft Panel: Statement of NASA Program Philosophy on Communication Satellites. November 21, 1960 (HAC archives).

The NASA Communication Satellite Program, February 9, 1961 (John Rubel's papers).

"United States Policy Toward Satellite-Based Telecommunications," circulated among a small group by John Rubel in April 1961 (John Rubel's papers).

Informal Notes of the Interim Steering Committee for Satellite-Based Telecommunications Policy, second meeting, held in the Pentagon, 11 May, 1961. Appendix B was: "DoD Position on what Technical Charac

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