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Notes and Sources, page 244.

Details of how the scientists learned of the launch of Sputnik come from conversations with Walter Sullivan, William Pickering, and John Townsend (page 30). Books consulted for chapter 2, as well as for the prologue and chapter 11 are: Beyond the Atmosphere, Early years of Space Science, by Homer E. Newell (SP4211-NASA History Series); Science with a vengeance, How the Military Created the US Space Sciences after World War II, by David De Vorkin (Springer-Verlag, 1992); The Viking Rocket Story, by Milton W Rosen (Faber, 1955).

Chapter three: Follow That Moon

William Pickering's state of mind and actions following Lloyd Berkner's toast to the Soviets come from my interview with him. He described also the error in calculation they had made and the phone calls that poured into the headquarters of the IGY (pages 30-34).

Information about Project Moonwatch comes from my interviews with Roger Harvey, Henry Fliegel, and Florence Hazeltine.

Information on the radio tracking program comes from interviews by Green and Lomask with Daniel Mazur and Joseph Siry in the NASA History Office, as well as from the following papers: John T. Mengel, "Tracking the Earth Satellite, and Data Transmission by Radio," Proceedings of the IRE (44), 6,June 1956; John T. Mengel and Paul Hergert, "Tracking Satellites by Radio," Scientific American (198), 1,January 1958.

Information about the goals of the IGY satellite program and details of the optical and radio tracking systems and the technical and budgetary difficulties faced comes from minutes of the IGY committees, subcommittees, panels, and working groups:

Minutes of the first meeting of the Technical Panel on the Earth Satellite program (TPESP), October 20, 1955. At this meeting the panel defined the program's goals (page 32).

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